A nail file is an essential tool in manicure and pedicure routines, but many people don’t realize that different types of nail files serve different purposes. Using the wrong file can weaken or damage your nails, leading to breakage, peeling, and uneven edges.
In this guide, we’ll explore:
• The different types of nail files.
• How to choose the best nail file for your needs.
• Step-by-step instructions on using a nail file correctly.
• Common mistakes to avoid when filing nails.
By the end, you’ll know how to use a nail file properly and select the best one for healthy, strong nails.
Types of Nail Files and Their Uses
1. Emery Board Nail Files
Best for: Natural nails
Grit level: Medium (100-180)
These classic files are made of sandpaper-like material and are inexpensive, but they wear out quickly. They are ideal for natural nails but not strong enough for artificial enhancements like acrylics.
2. Glass (Crystal) Nail Files
Best for: Weak or brittle nails
Grit level: Fine (240-400)
Glass nail files provide a gentle and smooth finish, making them perfect for weak nails that tend to split. They also last longer than emery boards and can be cleaned for reuse.
3. Metal Nail Files
Best for: Thick nails or toenails
Grit level: Coarse (80-100)
While durable, metal files can be harsh on natural nails and should mainly be used for harder toenails or artificial nail extensions.
4. Buffer Blocks
Best for: Polishing and smoothing ridges
Grit level: Extra fine (600-3000)
Buffer blocks do not shape nails but instead polish and smooth the surface, making them great for natural shine or prepping nails before applying gel polish.
5. Electric Nail Files (E-File)
Best for: Acrylics, gel nails, and professional use
Grit level: Varies based on the drill bit
An electric nail drill is ideal for removing acrylic or gel extensions and can speed up the filing process. It requires skill to avoid over-filing and damaging the nail bed.
How to Choose the Right Nail File for Your Nails
Picking the best nail file depends on your nail type and the finish you want to achieve.
| Nail Type | Recommended Nail File |
| Weak/brittle nails | Glass nail file (240+ grit) |
| Natural nails | Emery board (180-240 grit) |
| Acrylic/gel nails | Coarse metal or electric file (80-150 grit) |
| Polishing surface | Buffer block (600+ grit) |
Forat-home manicures, a 180-grit emery board is a great all-purpose option, while professionals may prefer an e-file for extensions.
Step-by-Step Guide: How to Use a Nail File Properly
Step 1: Trim and Prepare Nails
Before filing, trim your nails to your desired length with nail clippers.
Step 2: Choose the Correct Grit
Select a grit level based on your nail type:
• 100-180 grit for acrylics or gels.
• 180-240 grit for natural nails.
• 240+ grit for polishing and finishing.
Step 3: File in One Direction
• Always file in one direction to prevent nail splitting.
• Avoid sawing back and forth, as this weakens the nail.
Step 4: Shape the Nails
Popular nail shapes include:
• Square – Straight edges with sharp corners.
• Oval – Rounded edges for a softer look.
• Almond – Tapered ends for an elegant finish.
• Coffin/Ballerina – Flat tip with tapered sides.
Step 5: Buff the Nail Surface
• Use a buffer block for a smooth, polished look.
• Avoid over-buffing, as it can thin the nails.
Common Mistakes to Avoid When Filing Nails
1. Using the wrong grit: Coarse files (80-100) are too harsh for natural nails and can cause breakage.
2. Filing back and forth: This weakens nails and leads to peeling.
3. Filing wet nails: Wet nails are softer and more prone to damage.
4. Skipping the buffing step: Buffing smooths the nail surface and helps polish adhere better.
5. Not cleaning your nail file: Bacteria can build up, leading to infections.
Frequently Asked Questions
How often should I file my nails?
• Every 5-7 days for maintenance.
• Immediately after breaking or chipping to prevent further damage.
What is the best nail file for weak nails?
• A glass (crystal) nail file is the best choice for fragile nails, as it seals the nail edges instead of tearing them.
Can I use an e-file on natural nails?
• Yes, but only at a low-speed setting with a fine-grit bit to avoid thinning the nail plate.
Are metal nail files bad for nails?
• For natural nails, yes, they can be too rough. For thick nails or extensions, they work well.
How do I clean my nail file?
• Glass files: Wash with soap and water.
• Emery boards: Replace after 4-6 uses.
• Metal files: Disinfect with alcohol.
Conclusion
Selecting the right nail file is essential for maintaining healthy nails and achieving your desired shape. Whether you’re using an emery board, glass file, or buffer block, following the correct filing techniques will prevent breakage, peeling, and weak nails.
For high-quality nail files, buffers, and professional tools, explore our selection at Sirooni Professional.
